Method for producing hollow bodies, profile for use in said method, hollow body, assembly unit and mold

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a method for producing hollow bodies such as nut elements to be fastened to components that usually consist of sheet metal. The invention especially relates to a method for producing hollow bodies with an at least substantially square or rectangular outline by cutting individual bodies from a profile in the form of a profile rod or a reel after respective holes have been punched into the profile, and optionally afterwards producing a threaded cylinder. The inventive method is further characterized in that before or after the punching of the profile a passage treatment is carried out in order to produce a cylindrical or annular projection, concentric to the punching or the intended punching, on the side of the profile facing the component by flow of material. The projection is optionally shaped to an annular punched section in an additional molding cycle. The invention further relates to various hollow bodies, assembly units and molds for producing said hollow bodies.

[0001] The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing hollow body elements such as nut elements for attachment to components normally consisting of sheet metal, in particular for the manufacture of hollow body elements having an at least substantially square or rectangular outer periphery by cutting individual elements by length from a section present in a form of a bar section or a coil following prior punching of respective apertures in the section and optionally after subsequent formation of a thread cylinder. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a section for use in such a method, to hollow body elements which are manufactured in accordance with the method, to component assemblies which result from attachment of the hollow body elements to components and to dies which are used for the attachment of the hollow body elements to components.

[0002] A method of the initially named kind and also the corresponding hollow body elements are for example known from U.S. Pat. No. 4,971,499. Hollow body elements are also sold by the Company Profil Verbindungstechnik GmbH & Co. KG in Germany under the designation HI rectangular nuts.

[0003] The object of the present invention is to serve further develop a method of the initially named kind that hollow body elements, in particular rectangular nut elements, can be obtained with favourably priced manufacture which have improved mechanical characteristics, for example a higher pull-out force and an improved security against rotation and which, more-over, show a reduced notching action so that the fatigue characteristics of component assemblies comprising a component normally consisting of sheet metal and hollow body elements attached to the latter are also improved under dynamic loads.

[0004] In order to satisfy this object method-wise provision is made that an up-setting process is carried out prior to or after the piercing of the section in order to produce by material flow a cylindrical, oval, polygonal or ring-like projection concentric to the aperture or the intended aperture at the side of the section confronting the component and in that the projection is, if required, subsequently deformed in a further pressing step into a ring-like piercing section. In this way a rectangular or square element is produced with a circular, oval or polygonal piercing section.

[0005] The manufacture from a section, which is present either in the form of a bar section or in the form of a coil in which the section already has the basic shape of the element, makes it possible to dispense with comparatively costly cold heading machines and permits instead of this the manufacture of the elements in a normal punching press which is equipped with progressive tooling for carrying out the individual manufacturing steps. The manufacture in a punching press utilizing progressive tooling is particularly cost favourable in comparison to the use of cold heading machines. Manufacture on a transfer press is also possible under the same conditions. In this arrangement the separating process must be displaced into the first stage.

[0006] Particularly preferred variants of the manufacturing method can be found in the claims 2to 11. Particularly favourable sections for the manufacture of hollow body elements utilizing the method of the invention can be seen from the patent claims 2 to 15, with these sections all being able to be manufactured by cold rolling, for example from a 35B2 steel material. The sections set forth in the claims 2 to 15 lead, on the one hand, to elements which are favourable weight wise and, on the other hand, also to elements which can be manufactured at favourable cost and to elements which have excellent mechanical characteristics.

[0007] With a hollow body element for the attachment to a component, in particular to a component consisting of sheet metal, in which the hollow body element has bars at two opposite sides extending parallel to one another which form a security against rotation with the component and a centrally arranged punched aperture extending perpendicular to the component side, the punched aperture optionally having a thread cylinder, the invention provides that a ring-like projection is present at the side of the hollow body element that faces the component and concentric to the punched aperture, the ring-like projection being formed as a piercing section and that a recessed region is present between the bars and the ring-like piercing section.

[0008] Since a ring-like piercing section is present a ring-like slug is punched out of the component during the attachment of the hollow body element so that a notch effect in the region of the circular aperture produced in the component need no longer be feared. That is to say the rectangular edges present in the known elements, which arose as result of the previous rectangular piercing section are, so to say, omitted. In this connection it is noted that in the prior art the rectangular piercing section is defined by the cross-section of the section that is used, whereas in the present invention one makes use of the special piercing section which is produced in accordance with the invention by an upsetting process.

[0009] Particularly favourable variants of the hollow body element result from the claims 16 to 23.

[0010] Component assemblies comprising a component in accordance with the invention and a hollow body element in accordance with the invention attached to it are defined in the claims 24 to 26.

[0011] Finally the claims 27 to 30 relate to dies which serve for the attachment of the hollow body element of the invention to a component.

[0012] Further advantages of the method of the invention, of the section of the invention, of the hollow body element of the invention, of the component assemblies in accordance with the invention and of the dies in accordance with the invention are to be found in the following description of preferred examples which are explained further with reference to the drawings. In the drawings are shown:

[0013]FIG. 1 a perspective representation of a section of a first section in accordance with the invention for the manufacture of hollow body elements,

[0014] FIGS. 2A-F a series of drawings which show the individual method steps which are required in order to manufacture a hollow body element in accordance with the invention from the section of FIG. 1,

[0015]FIG. 3 a partly sectioned drawing to explain the carrying out of the upsetting process in accordance with FIG. 2B in a station of progressive tooling in a punching press,

[0016] FIGS. 4A-F a series of drawings to set forth the precise shape of the hollow body element in accordance with the invention manufactured from the section of FIG. 1,

[0017]FIG. 5 a partly sectioned representation of a component assembly comprising a sheet metal part and a hollow body element in accordance with the invention attached thereto, the hollow body element being in accordance with FIG. 4,

[0018] FIGS. 6A-C drawings to explain the design of a die in accordance with the invention for the attachment of the element of FIG. 4 to a sheet metal part,

[0019]FIG. 7 a drawing for the representation of the attachment of a further component to the component assembly of FIG. 5,

[0020]FIG. 8 a perspective representation of a section of a first section of the invention for the manufacture of hollow body elements,

[0021] FIGS. 9A-E a series of drawings to set forth the precise form of the hollow body elements in accordance with the invention manufactured from the section of FIG. 8,

[0022]FIG. 10 a partly sectioned illustration of a component assembly comprising a sheet metal part and a hollow body element in accordance with the invention attached thereto, the hollow body element being in accordance with FIGS. 9A to E,

[0023]FIG. 11 a drawing to represent the attachment of a further component to the component assembly of FIG. 10,

[0024] FIGS. 12A+B drawings to explain the design of a die in accordance with the invention for the attachment of the elements in accordance with the FIG. 9A to 9E to a sheet metal part,

[0025]FIG. 13 a perspective illustration of a section of a first section in accordance with the invention for the manufacture of hollow body elements,

[0026] FIGS. 14A-E a series of drawings to set forth the precise form of the hollow body element in accordance with the invention manufactured from the section of FIG. 13,

[0027]FIG. 15 a partly sectioned representation of a component assembly comprising a sheet metal part and a hollow body element in accordance with the invention attached thereto, the hollow body element being in accordance with FIGS. 14A to 14E,

[0028]FIG. 16 a drawing for the representation of the attachment of a further component to the component assembly of FIG. 15, and

[0029]FIG. 17A-C drawings to explain the design of a die in accordance with the invention for the attachment of the element in accordance with the FIG. 14A to 14E to a sheet metal part.

[0030]FIG. 1 shows a perspective representation of a first section 10 in accordance with the invention which can be used for the manufacture of hollow body elements 11 (FIG. 4) in accordance with the invention. The section 10 is present either in the form of a bar of for example 6 meters length or is delivered by the material manufacturer in the form of a coil. It is a cold rolled section. Preferred materials are all steel types in accordance with DIN 1654, but also NE-metals such as aluminium or the like.

[0031] The section is at least substantially rectangular in cross-section and has additionally two bars 14, 16 having a spacing A from one another at the side 12 which later faces the component, with the bars extending parallel to the longitudinal sides 18 and 20 of the section 10 and likewise being substantially rectangular in cross-section. One can also consider the shape of the section in such a way that it is at least substantially rectangular with a broad, but not very deep groove 22 of substantially rectangular cross-section at the side 12 facing the component, with the groove 22 likewise extending parallel to the longitudinal sides 18, 20 of the section.

[0032] In this example an element 11 in accordance with the FIGS. 4A-F is manufactured from the section in accordance with the invention of FIG. 1. The general shape of the element, which is straightforwardly evident from FIG. 4 will first be described in more detail later. First of all the manufacturing method will be explained in more detail with reference to the FIGS. 2A-2F and with reference to FIG. 3. FIGS. 2A-F all show a cross-section (partly only a half section) through the section 10 of FIG. 1 perpendicular to its longitudinal extent L, with the axis 24 in FIG. 2 corresponding to the axis 24 of FIG. 1 and being arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal extent L of the section 10. The cross-sectional plane also stands perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L.

[0033] The section 10 runs in the longitudinal direction L in a punching press 38 equipped with progressive tooling 26 (FIG. 3) with the progressive tooling having five stations for carrying out the steps shown in FIGS. 2A-E. The first station is shown in cross-section in FIG. 3 and serves for the upsetting process in accordance with FIG. 2B. In this process pressure is exerted on the upper side 30 of the section 10 by means away plunger 28 which comes from above in FIG. 3 and FIG. 2B and a material flow is generated locally in the section 10 in the region of the axis 24 by means of a die 32 (FIG. 3) arranged beneath the bar section 10, so that a cylindrical recess 34 is produced in the topside 30 of the bar section 10 and a cylindrical projection 36 is produced at the component side 12 of the bar section 10. The volume of the cylindrical recess 34 corresponds to the volume 36 of the cylindrical projection.

[0034] As already mentioned, FIG. 3 shows a partly sectioned representation of a first station of progressive tooling 26 which is arranged in a punching press 38, with only a part of the punching press and a part of the progressive tooling being shown.

[0035] Specifically one can see in FIG. 3 the lower tool 40 of the punching press which is mounted on a lower frame plate of the punching press and which serves to receive the die 32 and also other parts and the upper frame plate 42 of the punching press on which an upper tool 44 and a hold down member 46 are mounted. Alternatively the plate 42 can be an intermediate plate of the punching press.

[0036] As shown the section 10 is supported in the press on all sides.

[0037] For this purpose the lower tool 40 has a receiving and support plate 48 which receives the die 32 and supports two further plates 50 and 52 which are arranged to the left and right of the section 10. The plates 50 and 52 form a guide through which the bar section 10 can be moved on further in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing step for step. The hold down member 46 which is pressed downwardly by means of the illustrated springs which are braced against the upper tool 44 is located in contact with the upper sides of the plates 50 and 52 and also with the upper side 30 of the section 10. The hold down member 46 has a cylindrical opening in the form of a stepped bore 56 through which the plunger 28 extends and its end 56 can thus enter into contact against the upper side 30 of the section 10. At its upper end the plunger 28 is held in the upper tool 44 and is pressed downwardly during the closing movement of the press with the compensation pressure piece 58 of the upper frame plate 42 of the press until it has reached the position of FIG. 3 and has thus formed the cylindrical projection 36. The shape of the cylindrical projection is determined by the shape of the die 32. This comprises an outer part 60 which is supported via a pressure piece 62 at the lowest plate 41 of the tool 40 and is thus immovable relative to the lower plate (not shown) of the press, since the plate 41 of the tool 40 is secured to the lower plate of the press.

[0038] The outer part 60 of the die has a projection 64 which fits in the U-shaped groove 22 in the lower side of the section 10 in the region of this station of the progressive tooling and has a central circular bore 66 into which the material of the section can flow locally in order to form the ring-projection 36. The projection 64 has a height corresponding to the depth of the U-shaped groove 22 and moreover contacts the inner side surfaces 68, 70 of the two bars 14 and 16 of the section 10. The die 32 also has a centrally arranged cylindrical post 72, the upper end of which in FIG. 3 supports a part of the lower side of the cylindrical projection 36. The end face of the post 72 can be slightly curved and lie by a smaller amount above the cylinder 76 in order to assist the subsequent deformations of the section 10. The post 72 is immovable and is supported at its lower end on a plate 62. The post 72 is also located within a cylinder 76 arranged concentric to it, the cylinder being supported at its lower end likewise on the pressure piece 62 and having at its upper end a cylindrical ring-surface which lies in a plane with the upper end face 74 of the post 72 and with the latter forms the lower limit for the cylindrical projection 36 formed by the action of the plunger 28.

[0039] Beneath the plate 62 and in a stepped bore 82 of the lowest plate 41 of the tool 40 there is located a moveable pressure piece 84 which is biased upwardly by a spring 86 co-concentrically arranged in the stepped bore 82. Above the pressure piece 84 there are three cylindrical pins 88 of which only two can be seen in FIG. 3, which are displaced angularly by 120 degrees relative to another about the central longitudinal axis 24 and extent through corresponding bores in the pressure piece 62 and contact the lower end face 90 of the cylindrical part 76 of the die.

[0040] During the upsetting process the force of the plunger 28 (produced by the punching press) is sufficient in order to press the cylindrical part of the die 67 downwardly through material flow in the section 10 into the illustrated position, so that the pressure piece 84 likewise adopts the position shown in FIG. 3.

[0041] During the opening of the punching press, in order to carry out the next stroke of the punching press, the upper tool 44 moves with the plunger 28 and, offset phase-wise, the hold down member 46 moves upwardly away from the plates 50, 52. The force of the spring 86 is then sufficient in order to shift the cylindrical part 76 of the die upwardly via the pressure piece 84 and the pins 88 so that its upper ring-like end-face 78 lies flush with the upper side of the projection 78 and the section 10 is thereby lifted so that the cylindrical projection 36 is no longer arranged recess in the die, but rather located above the die, so that it can be further transported into the next station of the progressive tooling (not shown). In addition the plates 50 and 52 are moved horizontally apart from one another via a slider system mounted at the side in order to more easily lift the section 10. For example, sliders can be fixedly attached to the right and left sides of the upper tool 44 in FIG. 3 (only one slider shown) with the sliders being guided with their lower ends in respective guides 53 in the lower receiving plate 48 and having inclined surfaces 55, 57 in the region of the plates 50, 52 which cooperate with corresponding inclines surfaces 59, 61 at openings of the plates in order to bring about the movement of the plates in accordance with the double arrows shown in the plates for each stroke of the press. During this a new portion of the section 10 enters into the region of the dies 32 so that through closing of the press a further cylindrical projection 36 can be produced. The section of the section 10 which was previously located in the upsetting station of the progressive tooling now has the cross-sectional shape of FIG. 2B, for which it is to be said that the volume of the ring-like recess 34 corresponds to the volume of the cylindrical projection 36.

[0042] In the next station of the progressive tooling (not shown) the section of FIG. 2B is now indented, i.e. provided with the ring-like recess 92 of FIG. 2C. This ring-like recess or indentation 92 defines a breakaway edge 94, which is of advantage in order to achieve a clean punching edge for the slug 96 while forming the punched aperture 98 in accordance with FIG. 2D in the next station of the progressive tooling.

[0043] In order to generate the indentation 92 of FIG. 2C the progressive tooling has in the second station in principal the same design as in the drawing of FIG. 3 except that the central post 72 has a shape at its upper end corresponding to the indentation 92 and projects by the axial depth of the indentation above the upper end face 78 of the cylindrical part 76 of the die. Under some circumstances it is possible to achieve the formation of the indentation simultaneously with the generation of the cylindrical projection 36. This is however not preferred, since during the formation of the indentation one simultaneous re-corrects the shape of the cylindrical projection 36 so that it has a precisely defined sharp shape in the region of the edge 100.

[0044] After the formation of the indentation 92 and the correction of the shape of the cylindrical projection 36 the section is once again lifted out of the die and transported by a further step to a station where the punching of the aperture takes place in accordance with FIG. 2D. This station is also in principal designed similar to FIG. 3, excepted here the central post 72 is missing and the station has instead a bore which forms a passage for disposal of the slug 96.

[0045] After the manufacture of the punched aperture in accordance with FIG. 2D the section is again lifted out of the corresponding die and transported by a further step to a station where the dilation process is carried out so that the cylindrical projection 36 receives the shape which is shown in FIG. 2E. One notes that the lower end face of the cylindrical projection 36 is provided with a conical recess 102 which forms a chamfer, with the conical form diverging in the direction of the free end face 104 of the cylindrical projection 36. In order to achieve this shaping the corresponding station of the progressive tool is in principal also designed in accordance with FIG. 3, except that here the central post 72 is provided with a corresponding conical chamfer in the region of its upper end.

[0046] In other respects, a free space (not shown) is provided in the region of the outer die 60 so that during the formation of the conical recess 102 the outer sidewall 106 of the cylindrical projection 36 receives the conically downwardly diverging shape of FIG. 2E and hereby forms a ring-like undercut 108 around the ring projection 36.

[0047] After the dilation process in accordance with FIG. 2E the section 10 is again lifted out of the die, here also by a cylindrical part of the die similar to the part 76, and the section is transported by a further step and indeed into a the region to a last station of the progressive tooling where a portion of the section is cut off having the length of the element 11 of FIG. 4. The so manufactured element with the punched aperture 98 is now transported into an apparatus where the thread 110 is bored in a known manner in accordance with FIG. 2F. In some applications the hollow body element is left without thread. For example the punched aperture 98 could be intended as a guide or could be designed to receive an inserted part. Moreover, in motorcar construction, thread cutting or thread forming screws are frequently used, so that the thread 110 is first provided after the attachment of the hollow body element to a sheet metal part, with a thread being provided using such a thread cutting or thread forming screw.

[0048] Various modifications are possible. On one hand the cutting to length of the individual elements from the section can take place before the dilation process of FIG. 2E, with the dilation process then also serving to correct the actual shape of the element in the sense that any deformations during the cutting the length of the element are corrected.

[0049] Furthermore it is possible to carry out the upsetting process with a plunger which has a diameter in the region of its end carrying out the upsetting which is at least substantially the same as the diameter of the hole punch for the carrying out of the whole punching process. This has two advantages. On the one hand, the diameter of the ring-like recess 34 is then of the same size as the diameter of the subsequent punched aperture 98, so that the region of the recess 34 can form a part of the thread cylinder and the constructional height of the element can be made correspondingly smaller. Since the cylindrical projection 36 receives the shape of FIG. 2B and the volume of the cylindrical projection 36 corresponds to the volume of the cylindrical recess 34 the axial length of the cylindrical recess 34 becomes larger as a result of the smaller diameter of the plunger 28, so that the thickness of the region of the section which has to be pierced during the aperture forming process in accordance with FIG. 2D, is smaller and the aperture forming process is easier to carry out, so that the wear at the hole punch is less.

[0050] When the method is so carried out as shown in FIGS. 2A to 2E a nut element 11 arises with the shape in accordance with the FIGS. 4A to 4F. The corresponding reference numerals from the previous figures are entered here and are thus to be understood in accordance with the previous description.

[0051]FIG. 4B specifically shows the cross-section through the nut element 11 of FIG. 4A at the section plane B-B whereas FIG. 4C shows the cross-section perpendicular thereto in accordance with the section plane C-C. The FIG. 4D shows the perspective illustration of the element 11 from the right hand side and from the front in a view taken obliquely downwardly, whereas the FIG. 4E shows a perspective representation of the nut element 11 from the lower side.

[0052]FIG. 4F recites the specific dimensions of the element when the thread is designed for an M6-screw. In the illustration of FIG. 4F the left and half of the cross-section drawing corresponds to the left hand side of FIG. 4B, whereas the right hand half of the sectional drawing in accordance with FIG. 4F corresponds to the half cross-section of the element 11 in the direction of the longitudinal direction L of the original section.

[0053]FIG. 5 now shows a component assembly comprising an element in accordance with FIG. 4 after the attachment to a component 13 in the form of a sheet metal part. One notes that the sheet metal has been deformed in the region of the lower side 12 of the element into the recess which is formed around the ring projection 36 within the U-shaped groove 22 between the bars 14 and 16. In this arrangement the sheet metal engages into the undercut 108 around the cylindrical projection 36 so that a form matched engagement takes place here and the element 11 cannot any longer be removed from the sheet metal part 13 in the axial direction 24 without the use of destructive forces. Through the forming of the sheet metal of the component 13 into the U-shaped groove 22 between bars 14 and 16 the element 11 is prevented from rotating relative to the component 13, i.e. the element is able to withstand any turning forces which can arise through the introduction of the screw into the thread 110.

[0054] Since the aperture 112 in the component 13 is circular no notches arise here which could lead, as a result of notch action to a premature failure of the component assembly by fatigue effects or cracks. A notch action in the region of the ends of the bars is not to be expected since the ends are rounded off by the separation from the section strip and, as a result of the contact surface, do not produce any notches in the sheet metal part in the region of the bars. Situations are avoided in which the bars bury themselves into the component and hereby produce notch action. For this purpose the contact surfaces for the component formed by the lower side of the bars are made so large that the surface pressure lies below the yield point of the component. The aperture 112 is produced during the attachment of the element by the ring-like projection 36 acting as a piercing section, for this purpose the die in accordance with FIG. 6A-6C is necessary.

[0055] As can be seen from FIG. 6B the die 114 has an essentially cylindrical, circularly round shape but is rather provided at one side with a flattened portion 116 which serves as a feature of shape which insures a correct orientation of the die in the tool. It is namely necessary that the projection 118 at the end face 120 of the die, which is rectangular in outline, is aligned with the U-shaped groove 22 of the element 11. This correct alignment or orientation, i.e. about the axis 25 of the die, which must be aligned with the axis 24 of the element during its attachment, is insured by means of the flattened portion. The elements must also have the correct orientation around the axis 24 in the setting head which is used for the attachment, which can be straight forwardly insured by the setting heads known per se.

[0056] For the attachment of the element 11 to the component 13 the component 13 is normally positioned in a press, the element 11 is placed by a setting head and coming from above on the component 13 and the component 13 is supported at the other side on the end face of the die. During closing of the press the hold down member of the setting head first moves in a manner known per se against the upper side 122 of the sheet metal part 13 and presses this into contact with the end face 120 of the die. The setting head then moves the element 11 against the upper side 120 of the sheet metal part, with the central axis 24 the element 11 being coaxially positioned relative to the central axis 25 of the die. Since the ring projection 36 projects downwardly beyond the lower side of the bars 14 and 16 the end face of the ring projection 36 is the first thing to contact the sheet metal part and cooperates with the cutting edge 122 of the projection of the die in order to cut a slug out of the sheet metal part 13, with this slug then being disposed of through the central bore 124 of the die. The projection 118 of the die then presses the sheet metal part into the U-shaped groove 22 and the ring-like nose 126 of the die, which projects slightly above the plateau region 128 in the four corners of the projection 118, presses the sheet metal of the component 13, in the edge region of the punched aperture 112 which has arisen through the punching out of the slug, into the recess around the ring protection 36 and simultaneously deforms the sheet material so that a ring-like recess 130 in the sheet metal part results and the sheet material flows into the ring-like undercut 108. Instead of a press, a robot or other tool can be used to attach the element 11 to the component 13, the robot or ather tool holding the element in the right position relative to the die and applying the necessary force.

[0057]FIG. 7 now shows how a further component 132 can be screwed by means of a screw 134 to the component 13. The further component 132 is namely attached to the side of the component 13 which is remote from the element 11, with the thread 136 of the screw 134 engaging into the thread 110 of the element 11. The contact surface 138 of the screw, or of a possibly provided washer (not shown) presses the further component 132 against the component 13 so that the component 13 is trapped between the bars 14 and 16 of the element and the further component 132. In this connection the axial height of the ring projection 36 in the axial direction 24 is selected so that it does not hinder an intimate contact of the further component 132 on sheet metal part 13, i.e. the cylindrical projection 36 projects by the maximum amount of the sheet metal thickness of the component 13 beyond the lower side of the bars 14 and 16. With this design an extremely high security against rotation is achieved. Furthermore, the screw 34 pulls the element firmly against the sheet metal part 13 so that an axial separation of these two parts in the axial direction 24 is not possible.

[0058] A further embodiment of the section of the invention and of the hollow body element of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings of FIGS. 8 to 12.

[0059] For this description the same reference numerals are used as in the first embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 7, but increased by the basic number 200. Parts that are provided with the same reference numerals, i.e. after subtraction of the basic number 200, have the same function or the same design as the corresponding parts of the first embodiment in accordance with FIGS. 1 to 7, so the description given there also applies for the corresponding parts of this embodiment, unless something to the contrary is stated. It is principally the differences which will be described.

[0060] The section 210 of FIG. 8 also has a substantially rectangular cross-section here, with two grooves 223 and 225 being formed by a cold rolling process in the component side 212 of the section in contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the two grooves respectively having rectangular cross-sections and extending parallel to the longitudinal sides 218 and 220 respectively of the section 210, so two bar like regions 214 and 216 are also formed here.

[0061] The section 210 of FIG. 8 is processed in a punching press by means of progressive tooling similar to the previously described progressive tooling in order to produce the nut element of FIGS. 9A to 9E.

[0062] During the manufacture of the nut element 211 in accordance with FIGS. 9A to E the progressive tooling has a further station in comparison to the previously described progressive tooling. In this additional station, which forms the first station when the section runs in, a conical recess 240 is first pressed in the lower side 12 of the section, in a type of inverse upsetting process, whereby a corresponding conically raised portion 242 arises at the upper side 230 of the section, with both the conical recess 240 and also the conically raised portion 242 being arranged concentric the axis 224 of the element. After formation of the conical recess 240 and the conically raised portion 242 in the first station of the progressive tooling the cylindrical recess 234 and the cylindrical projection 236 and subsequently the indentation 292 and the punched aperture 291 are produced in further stations of the progressive tooling in the same way and means as this was described in connection with the FIGS. 2 and 3.

[0063] In the last station of the progressive tooling the element 211 is then separated from the bar section 210 by a shearing process. The precise end shape of the hollow body element can clearly be seen from the FIGS. 9A to 9E. The attachment of the element 211 to a component 213 takes place using a die 114 in accordance with the FIGS. 12A and B which has several things in common with the die of FIGS. 6A to 6C. First of all it should briefly be pointed out that the sectional drawing of FIG. 12A here shows two section planes which each show a half section corresponding to the arrows A-A in FIG. 12B.

[0064] Notable in the die 314 FIGS. 12 A and B is, above all, that it has two bar like projections 246 and 248 which extend in parallel to another and are formed corresponding to the U-shaped grooves 223 and 225 in the lower side of the section, with the widths of the bars 248 being smaller by the double thickness of the component than the widths of the corresponding grooves 223 and 225.

[0065] The ring projection 236 at the center of the end face of the die 314 is circularly round in plan view here, with the manufacture of the ring projection 326 leading to respective arched cut-outs 250 and 252 in the two bars 246 and 248 respectively. The axial height of the ring projection in the die 314 is thus larger in this embodiment than in the die of FIGS. 6A-C, since it projects directly out of the end face 320 and not, as in the embodiment of FIGS. 6A-C, out of a rectangular projection.

[0066] During the attachment of the element 211 to the component 213 utilizing a setting head, for example in a press, in a robot or in another type of tool, the bar like noses 246 and 248 of the die press the sheet material into the two U-shaped grooves 223 and 225 of the element 211 and hereby form noses providing security against rotation in the sheet metal part 213 which projects into the corresponding grooves 223 and 225. The marginal region 112 around the punch hole in the sheet metal part is in this embodiment pressed into the conical recess 240 around the cylindrical projection 236 and is simultaneously deformed into the undercut 308, with the flow of the sheet metal material into this undercut 308 being improved by the ring projection 326 of the die, which leads to a ring-like recess 330 in the sheet metal part around the cylindrical projection 236.

[0067] The attachment of a further component 332 takes place here in a manner similar to the embodiment of FIG. 7 using a screw 334. Here the further component 332 is also attached to the side of the component 313 remote from the element 311. It is particularly favourable in this embodiment that the element 311 has a very large contact surface for the component 313, since the grooves 223 and 225 and also the ring recess 240 only take up a smaller proportion of the lower side of the element 311 area-wise than is the case in the previous embodiment. For this reason the element 311 can be made some smaller for the same contact surface than in the case of the element of the first embodiment, so that a weight saving is hereby achieved.

[0068] A third embodiment of the invention now will be described and indeed with reference to the further drawings 13 to 17.

[0069] For this description the same reference numerals are used as in the first embodiment of FIG. 1 to 7 but increased by the basic number 400. Parts which are provided with the same reference numerals, i.e. after subtraction of the basic number 400, have the same function and the same design as the corresponding parts of the first embodiment of the FIGS. 1 to 7, so that the description given now also applies for the corresponding parts of this embodiment unless something to the contrary is stated. It is principally the differences which will be described.

[0070] In the third embodiment of FIG. 13 the section 410 has a central region 417 with a substantially rectangular cross-section and, to the left and right of this, integral wings 419 and 421 which extend at the component side 412 beyond the central region 417 and there form two bars 414 and 416 which extend parallel to the longitudinal sides 420 of the section and merge via an oblique recess 423, 425 respectively into the lower side of the central region 417 of the section. In this arrangement the upper sides 427 and 429 of the two wings 419 and 421 respectively have a clear spacing from the upper side 430 of the central region 417 of the section 410 and hereby form shoulders which stand oblique to the sidewalls of the central region and include an angle a with one another which, related to the sidewall 430 of the section remote from the component side 412 is some-what smaller than 180° and preferably lies in the range from 175° to 160°.

[0071] The lower sides of the bars 414 and 416 are set obliquely in accordance with the shoulders 427 and 429, i.e. form the same angle a to one another. The oblique transition regions 423 and 425 are likewise parallel to the oblique surfaces formed by the shoulders 427 and 429 so that they also form a corresponding angle a with one another. This oblique position of the wings 419 and 421 respectively relative to the central region 417 takes place during the manufacture of the section 410 by cold rolling and has a special advantage, which will be explained somewhat later.

[0072] Apart from the special design of the wings 419 and 421 the shape of the section 410 corresponds essentially to the embodiment of FIG. 1 and the manufacture of the nut elements from the section 410 takes place in principal in the same way and means as the manufacture of the nut elements in accordance with FIG. 4 as was previously described with reference to the FIGS. 2 and 3. The manufacturing process will thus not be explained here in detail. One can see however from the FIGS. 14A to 14E, which show the nut element in the finished form, and from the reference numerals used there, that this element has a large similarity to the element of FIG. 4A to F.

[0073] One distinction here however lies in the fact that the cylindrical projection 436 has no undercut, this is however not essential and the ring projection 436 could have the same form as the corresponding projection 36 of the embodiment of FIG. 4.

[0074] The attachment of the element 411 to the component 413, so that the component assembly 415 arises, also takes place here using a die 514, and indeed the die of FIGS. 17A to C which is identical with the die 114 of FIG. 6A to C and must not be described more closely here, since the description for the embodiment of FIGS. 6A to C also applies here. In FIG. 17 the same reference numerals are used as in FIGS. 6A to C but are simply increased by the basic number 400.

[0075] During the attachment of the element 411 for the formation of the component assembly of FIG. 15 a setting head is however used in this embodiment which permits the wings 419 and 421 to be, so to say pressed flat, so that the shoulders 427 and 429 respectively no longer form an angle a of less than 180° with one another but now lie in one plane. In this way the wings 419 and 421 respectively are, so to say, pivoted about the pivot axis in the region of the inner ends of the inclined surfaces 423 and 425 respectively, so that the inner side edges 431 and 433 of the bars 414 and 416 move towards from another and in the installed state have a smaller spacing from one another than before the attachment 411. That signifies that an undercut 435 and 437 respectively (FIG. 15) is now formed in the region of the inner side surfaces 468 and 470 of the bars 414 and 416 respectively and that the sheet material now engages in form fitting manner into this undercut, so that an axial separation of the element 411 from the component 413 in direction of the axis 424 is no longer possible. If the cylindrical projection 436 of the element 411 is also formed with an undercut the pivotal movement of the wings 419 and 421 leads to the sheet material (also) being pressed into this undercut whereby an even more secure attachment of the element 411 to the component 413 takes place, i.e. the embodiment has a very high pull-out-resistance.

[0076] The situation during the attachment of a further component 532 is then as shown in accordance with FIG. 16 and is in principal to be created with the assembly situation of FIG. 7, which is provided by the use of the same reference numerals (however increased by the basic number 400).

[0077] The functional elements described here can for example be manufactured from all materials which achieve the strength class 5.6 or higher. Such metal materials are normally carbon steels with 0.15 to 0.55% carbon content.

[0078] In all embodiments all materials can be named as an example for the material for functional elements which achieve, in the context of cold deformation, the strength values of class 8 in accordance with the ISO standard, for example a 35B2-alloy in accordance with DIN 1654. The fastener elements so formed are suitable for all commercially available steel materials for sheet metal parts which can be drawn as also for aluminium or its alloys. Aluminium alloys, particularly those of high strength can also be used for the functional elements, for example AlMg5. Higher strength magnesium alloys such as for example AM50 can also be considered for the functional elements. 

1. Method for manufacturing hollow body elements (11; 211; 411) such as nut elements for attachment to components (13; 213; 413) normally consisting of sheet metal, in particular for the manufacture of hollow body elements having an at least substantially square or rectangular outer periphery by cutting individual elements by length from a section (10; 210; 410) present in a form of a bar section or a coil following prior punching of respective apertures (98; 298; 498) in the section and optionally after subsequent formation of a thread cylinder (110; 310; 510), characterized in that an upsetting process is carried out prior to or after the piercing of the section in order to produce by material flow a cylindrical or ring-like projection (36; 236; 436) concentric to the aperture (98; 298; 498) or the intended aperture at the side (12; 212; 412) of the section confronting the component and in that the projection is, if required, subsequently deformed in a further pressing step into a ring-like piercing section.
 2. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterized in that the upsetting step is carried out in that the section (10) is supported in the region of the projection to be produced on a die (32) with a recess (66) having a shape complementary to the shape of the desired projection (36) and is held on all remaining side regions in a corresponding tool (46, 48, 50, 52, 60) and in that to produce the material flow into the recess (66) of the die (32) a plunger (28) is pressed into the material at the side (30) of the section (10) remote from the ring projection.
 3. Method in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that the plunger (28) has an outer diameter which corresponds at least substantially to that of the desired projection (36).
 4. Method in accordance with claim 2, characterized in that the plunger has an outer diameter which corresponds at least substantially to the diameter of the aperture which has still to be produced.
 5. Method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a further method, step an indenting process is carried out at the free exposed end face of the ring projection to produce a breakaway edge (94) for the piercing slug (96) during the subsequent piercing.
 6. Method in accordance with claim 4, characterized in that after the indenting process the element is pierced using a hole punch and the corresponding die, with the hole punch being guided concentrically to the indentation (92) formed by the indenting process.
 7. Method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a dilation process is carried out after the piercing in order to provide the pierced projection (36; 236) with an outer wall (106; 306) which diverges substantially conically in the direction of its free end face.
 8. Method in accordance with claim 7, characterized in that during the dilation process a conical recess (102, 302, 502) forming a chamfer is produced concentrically to the punched aperture (98) in the free end of the projection, the chamfer likewise diverging in the direction the end face of the ring projection.
 9. Method in accordance with claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that the cutting to length of the element from the section (10, 210, 410) takes place following the dilation process.
 10. Method in accordance with one of the claims 7 or 8, characterized in that the dilation process takes place as a calibration step after the cutting to length of the respective element from the section.
 11. Method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective method steps are carried out in a stamping press (36) using progressive tooling (26).
 12. Section, in particular for use in one of the methods of the claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the section (10; 210) is least substantially rectangular in cross-section with two bars (14, 16; 214, 216) which extend parallel to the longitudinal sides (18, 20; 218, 220) of the section with a spacing from one another at the side (12; 212) which later confronts the component, wherein the bars are likewise least substantially rectangular in cross-section, can additionally have a saw tooth form and form a feature providing security against rotation in the finished element (11, 211).
 13. Section in accordance with claim 12, characterized in that that two bars (14, 16) are separated from one another or formed by a broad groove (22) of rectangular cross-section which has a depth which corresponds at least substantially to height of the respective bars (14, 16).
 14. Section in accordance with claim 12, characterized in that the two bars (214, 216) are bounded or formed by respective grooves (223, 225) which likewise extend parallel to the longitudinal sides (218, 220) of the section and have an at least substantially rectangular cross-section and also a depth which corresponds to the height of the respective bar.
 15. Section (410), in particular for use in a method in accordance with one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it has in cross-section an at least substantially rectangular central region (417) and, at the left and right side of this, wings (419, 421) integral therewith which extend at the component side (412) beyond the central region and there form two bars (414, 416) which extend parallel to the longitudinal sides (418, 420) of the section and merge via an inclined recess (423, 425) into the lower side of the central region of the section, with the upper sides (427, 429) of the wings having a clear spacing from the top side of the central region of the section and hereby forming shoulders which stand oblique to the side walls of the central region and include an angle α to one another which, in relation to the side of the section remote from the component is somewhat smaller than 180°, for example lies in a range from 175° to 160°.
 16. Hollow body element (11; 211; 411) for attachment to a component consisting in particular of sheet metal, wherein the hollow body element has bars (14, 16; 214, 216; 414, 416) extending parallel to one another at to opposite sides which form a security against rotation with the component as well as a centrally arranged punched aperture (98, 298, 498) extending perpendicular to the component side (12; 212; 412), wherein the aperture can optionally have a thread cylinder (110; 310; 510), characterized in that a ring-like projection (36; 236; 436) is present at the side (12; 212, 412) of the hollow body element confronting the component and concentric to the aperture, with the projection-being formed as a piercing section and in that a recessed region (22; 240; 422) is present between the bars and the ring-like piercing section, with bars preferably only being present on two opposite sides of the hollow body element and forming contact surfaces for the component which are sufficiently large that the surface pressure lies below the yield point of the component.
 17. Hollow body element in accordance with claim 16, characterized in that the end (104; 304; 504) of the ring-like projection (36; 236; 436) projects further at the component side of the hollow body element than the bars (14, 16; 214; 216; 414, 416).
 18. Hollow body element in accordance with claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the recessed region (22; 422) between the bars is at least substantially rectangular in a external outline and in that the ring projection (36; 436) is arranged at the centre of the recess and has a distance from the boundary of the recess on all sides.
 19. Hollow body element in accordance with claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the two bars (214, 216) which extend parallel to one another on opposite sides of the hollow body element are bounded or formed by two grooves (223, 225) which likewise extend parallel to one another and which have an at least substantially rectangular cross-section and in that the ring recess (240) is a conical recess which is formed in the component side (212) of the hollow body element in the region between the two grooves, with the conical recess increasingly diverging in the direction towards the component side (212).
 20. Hollow body element in accordance with claim 19, characterized in that a conical ring shoulder (242) is present at the side (230) of the hollow body clement (211) remote from the component side (212) with approximately complementary shape to the conical ring recess (240) in the component side of the element.
 21. Hollow body element, characterized in that it has an at least substantially rectangular central region (417) and, to the left and right of this, wings (419, 421) integral therewith which extend at the component side (412) beyond the central region and there form two bars (414, 416) which extend parallel to the longitudinal sides (420) of the section and merge via an inclined recess (423, 425) into the lower side of the central region of the section, with the top sides (427, 429) of the wings having a clear spacing from the top side of the central region of the section and hereby forming shoulders which extend obliquely to the side walls of the central region and include an angle (a) with one another which, in relation to the side of the section remote from the component side is somewhat smaller than 180°, for example lies in a range of 175° to 160°.
 22. Hollow body element in accordance with on the claims 16 to 21, characterized in that the ring-like piercing section (36; 236; 436) has an at least substantially conical outer wall which diverges going in a direction towards the free end (104; 304; 504) of the piercing section and hereby forms a piercing edge (100; 300; 500) with the end face, with the conically extending outer wall of the ring-like piercing section forming an undercut with the recess (108; 308) which is designed to take up sheet metal material.
 23. Hollow body element in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end of the ring-like piercing section has a conical recess (102) forming a chamfer which diverges going in the direction of the free end face of the piercing section.
 24. Component assembly consisting of a component (13; 213; 413) and a hollow body element (11; 211; 411) in accordance with one of the preceding claims 16 to 23 attached thereto, characterized in that the component is deformed into the undercut (108; 308) formed by the ring-like piercing section and in the recessed region (22; 240, 223, 225; 422) adjacent to the said bars and in that the hollow body element is hereby locked to the component in a manner secure against pull-out and rotation.
 25. Component assembly in accordance with claim 24, characterized in that the component (13; 213; 413) has a ring-like recess (130; 230; 530) in the region around the ring-like piercing section (36; 236; 436).
 26. Component assembly in accordance with claim 24 and 25, characterized in that the shoulder surfaces (427, 429) of the element which initially form an enclosed angle (α) with one another smaller than 180° are at least substantially pressed flat in the component assembly, whereby the inner side of the bars (414, 416) form an undercut and the inner edges at the lower side of the bars have a smaller spacing from one another than before the attachment to the component (413), whereby the form locked engagement between the component and the hollow body element (411) is improved.
 27. Die for the attachment of a hollow body element in accordance with one of the claims 16 to 23 to a component, characterized in that the die has at its free end face (120; 520) confronting the component a shaped projection (118; 518) which is at least substantially rectangular in plan view and in outline, the width of the rectangular projection corresponding to the spacing between two bars (14, 16; 414, 416) of the hollow body element (11; 411) less twice the component thickness and the length of the rectangular projection corresponding to the length of the element (11; 411) parallel to the bars and in that within the rectangular outline of the projection the latter has a ring projection (126; 526) which brings about a deformation of the component into an undercut formed around the piercing section of the hollow body element and a central bore (124; 524) which cooperates with a ring-like piercing section (36; 436) of the hollow body element in order to bring about a piercing slug from the component during the attachment of the hollow body element to the component.
 28. Die in accordance with claim 27, characterized in that the die is circular in plan view but has an orientation feature (116; 516) at one or more points at the outer periphery which serves for the positionally correct mounting in a tool.
 29. Die in particular for use with a hollow body element having two grooves at the component side which extend parallel to another and form the bars, characterized in that the end face (320) of the die is provided with two bar-like projections (246; 248) extending parallel to one another at its end face confronting the component, with the bar-like projections having a maximum width which corresponds at least substantially to the width of the U-shaped grooves (223, 225) of the hollow body element less twice the thickness of the component and a length which corresponds at least substantially to the length of the U-shaped grooves and in that the die has a ring projection between the bars which brings about a deformation of the component into an undercut formed around the piercing section of the hollow body element and a central bore (324) which cooperates with a ring-like piercing section (236) of the hollow body element in order bring about a piercing slug from the component during the attachment of the hollow body element to the component.
 30. Die in accordance with claim 29, characterized in that the die is circular in plan view but has an orientation feature (316) at one or more points at the outer periphery which serves for the positionally correct mounting in a tool. 